Understanding Pronouns

1. Subject pronouns: he, she,  it, they 
2. Object pronouns: him her, it, them
3. Each pronoun refers to noun or noun phrase.
4. Use pronouns to avoid repeating a noun. 

Finding Main Idea

Reading Strategy 

Introduction part that may include the main idea of the reading.  It may appear in introduction part and conclusion part.  It covers small small and more specific idea of reading. 

There will be  two or more sub-topics, so you know what to expect as you read. 

The sub-topics are given in the same order in which you will find them in the reading. 

Picture and Caption

• Sometimes the caption explains a word.
• They can help you to understand new words. 
• Photos and captions can provide a picture dictionary.

Guessing the Meaning from Context

                      Guess the meaning from context

1. that is 
2. i.e.
3. in other words      

A. Sometimes we have to guess the meaning from new word if its opposite in the context.

1. There is often a definition after these words. 
2. i.e. stands for that is.
3. These expressions are followed by a comma. 

Cause and Effect

Critical Thinking Strategy

We have to find out causes(reasons ) or effects (results)

Find the cause and effect conjunctions 

1. as because 
2. so 
3. for 
4. since 
5. as 
6. therefore
7. thus 
8. as a result
9. consequently                               

• sometimes we can't get cause and effect conjunction. we have to infer and use own logic. 
•  guess - cause and effect.      
• frequently there is no conjunction used.                       

Twenty Minutes a Day By Richard Peck

Twenty Minutes a Day
By Richard Peck 

• Read to your children
• Twenty minutes a day,
• you have the time,
• And so do they. 
• Read while the laundry is in the machine,
• Read while the dinner cooks,
• Tuck a child in the crook of your arm,
• And reach for the library books. 
• Hide the remote,
• Let the computer games cool,
• For one day your children will be off to school,
• Remedial? Gifted? You have the choice,
• Let them hear their first tales.
• In the sound of your voice. 
• Read in the morning,
• Read over noon,
• Read by the light of Goodnight Moon.
• Turn the pages together,
• sitting close as you'll fit,
• Till a small voice beside you says,
• Hey don't quit.                                                                                                                                 Copyright @Penguin Putnam Books for Young Readers

Animals Sounds

                             Twenty-seven Animal Sounds

1. Cat = Meow 
2. Cow= moo moo
3.  Dog = woof woof, bow-wow 
4.  Bird = tweet 
5. Hen = cluck 
6. Sheep= baa baa 
7.  Frog=ribbit ribbit 
8.  Horse=neigh neigh 
9. Pig= oink oink 
10. Bee= buzz buzz
11.  Mouse= squeak squeak 
12. Sparrow= Chirp chirp
13.  Turkey= gobble gobble
14.  Elephant= honk honk, powooo powoo
15.  Gorilla= grunt grunt
16.  Wolf= howl howl 
17. Lion= roar rooar 
18.  Owl= hoot , to wint to whooo 
19. Parrot= screech 
20. Crow= caw caw 
21.  Donkey= hee hee haw
22.  Squrral= chatter 
23.  Rabbit= thump thump 
24.  people= bla bla 
25.  Sneak= hiss hiss 
26.  Bear= growls grr grr 
27. Rooster= cook-a-doodle doo