Punctuation Mark - Ellipses (...)

Ellipsis=singular (....)
Ellipses= pular 

An ellipses is a punctuation mark made up of three dots. 
Ellipses save space or remove material that is less relevant. 
Use an ellipsis when omitting a word, phrase, line, paragraph, or more from a quoted passage.

Determining Point of View - Subjective and Objective Reading strategy

Some reading are Subjective and some are Objective.


Objective: All sides of all issue: writer does not include but, instead , gives equal weight to all sides of an issue. (such as textbook chapter or newspaper articles). 
 can be prove 

Subjective: Own opinion  : writer expresses his/her opinion. You have to determine writer's point of view and choice of adjectives such as ( such as good , bad, interesting, boring, beautiful, ugly)
can't be prove

Guidelines for Writing a Summary

Apply the steps for each section. 

• Find the most important information that tells what the paragraph of group or paragraphs is about.
• Use this information to write a topic sentence. 
• Fine 2-3 main idea and important details that support your topic sentence and show how they are related. 
• Keep the ideas and facts in a logical order that expands on your topic sentence. 
• Combine several term for lists of items or events.
• Do not include unimportant or minor events.
• Do not repeat information. 
• Write the summary in your own words- do not copy information directly from the text.

   

Summary writing is the process of reading a text, identifying the main ideas, and then describing those ideas in your own words. A summary should be brief and include only important ideas or information from the text. Summaries should not include examples or reputations. Summarizing helps you understand and remember information you read.

Outlining  

• Topic sentence: a) Topic sentence 
• Main idea : a) Detail b) Detail
• Main idea : a) Detail b) Detail
• Main idea : a) Detail b) Detail
• Concluding sentence 

Besic Literary Terms- How to write story

1. Characterization: The author's introduction of characters and developing their personalities for the reader. 
2. Climex:   Turning Point of the action.
3. Conflict: Struggle between opposing forces, usually resolved at the end.
4. Dialogue: Conversation between characters.
5. Nattator: The voice or implied speaker of the fictional work (not the author)
6. Plot: The story line and how it is Presented 
7. Point if view: vision from which a story is narrated.

• First person: story is marred by one person at a tine, speaking for or about themselves (I or We)
• Third person : Most common view used for fiction and it the traditional form for academic writing- someone else is telling the story. ( He, She or It)

      8. Theme: The idea of the piece of writing. 

Synthesizing and Applying Information

 1. Synthesize- put together information from different reading.
2. Apply- make connections to a new situation.  (making connections  between sources)

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER.

Venn Diagramm =
T-chart=
Note taking chart = main idea, important details, and examples.

• Useful study tool.
• Used to record information = 1main ideas, 2. important details 3. Examples
• Chart is one type of graphic organizer. 

Reading Strategy - Finding the Topic Sentence

A.     Main idea of the entire passage may be found in the introduction and in the conclusion.
B.     In the other paragraphs, the main idea or topic sentence is usually the first sentence. 

make either note or highlight on topic sentence as you read. 

Reading Strategy - Using Color

Preview = find topic, identify heading, observe pictures.  

Highlighting the important information in a reading that helps to read and remember quickly. Use bright color highlighter.

A. Don't highlight too much.

B. Use one color for main ideas.

C. Use another color for the details. 

D. Highlight key words, not entire sentence. 

 

Meaning of Context Reading strategy

Meaning from context: Using the next sentence 

A. Many words can be more than one part of speech.

B. Use the sentence to determine which part of speech you need for the correct definition. 

1. Guess the meaning of new words when you can.
2. You don't always have to understand a word exactly.
3. Sometimes you will look up word in the dictionary. 
4. Sometimes you don't need to worry about meaning. 

PART OF SPEECH : READING STRATEGY

WHILE reading you have to know about part of speech.

One word has different meaning, so have to conform what the word, sentence, context are saying .
 Ex: Look in  dictionary 

NOUN: person, place, things, idea
VERB: action /
ADJECTIVE: describing word noun ex: red car
ADVERB: describing word verb, adjective adverb ex:
PREPOSION:locatin, time etc.
CONJUCTION: join word

Previewing for Topics

1.  Topic : the subject of a reading 
2. Most reading have one main topic and several sub-topics.
3. Before reading look over: 1) picture and the Captions 2) the heading   3) new vocabulary (sometimes in bold)

BEFORE READING: MAKE SAMLL GROUP DISCUSSION

WHILE reading you have to know about part of speech.

NOUN: person, place, things, idea
VERB: action /
ADJECTIVE: describing word noun ex: red car
ADVERB: describing word verb, adjective adverb ex:
PREPOSION:locatin, time etc.
CONJUCTION: join word

READING STRATEGY 

Idioms

    A. A phrase that has a different meaning form the meaning of each individual word.

B. Try to figure out the meaning of an idiom from context. 

Example:

Top Dog : best person in a group. 

Cash cow: a dependable source of income.  

Newspaper Feature Stories

In first paragraph : who? what? where? when?
In second paragraph: How? Why?



What is Feature Stories??
May contain more controversial language such as idioms, writer's opinion. The main idea is not always in the first paragraph.

A. A paragraph frequently consists of only one sentence.
B. 2 distinct styles - hard news articles (found in the first page and the rest of section A)- feature Stories(may contain writers opinions, use controversial language ).


Hard news Storie

• contain facts no opinion 
• main idea is in the first paragraph 
• frist paragraph usually answers the question : who? what? where? when?

Feature stories 

• may contain the writer's opinion 
• main idea may not be in the paragraph
• uses more controversial langauge 

Outlining

 1. Introduction 

= Topic sentence

2. Main Idea 

  =Detail

   =Detail

3. Main Ides 

=Details 

=Details 

4. Main Idea 

= Details 

=Details 

5. Concluding sentence 

How to Find Details

Sometimes you can find important details in number and words such as first, second, next, finally etc.

Dealing with New Words

There is not possible to use a dictionary for every new words. Guess the meaning from a new word from the context.

• Watch for: commas (,), Dashes(-), or Parenthesis(())
• Punctuation 
• These will indicate there is a definition or synonym of the word. 
• Just keep reading. 

Stems and Prefixes

Part of the words that help you understand or guess the meaning of new words.

1. Prefixes (at the beginning of a word)

Prefixes       Meaning 

-multi            many
-anti              against

2. Stems(the main part of a word)

Stems         Meaning 

-therap        treatment


3.Suffixes (the ending of a word) 

Suffixes               Meaning 

-ism                      belief in 

Reading Strategy

• Topic: very general 
• Main Idea: Most important idea 
• Details: more specific, narrow, explain idea, supports  

Universe = macro 

Sample = micro 

Research = details 

Italics Letters - Reading Strategy

• Italics are the title of movie, book, magazine, newspaper, or painting.
• To emphasize the word, the writer use italics. 
• A word in italics might be a foreign word used in an English sentence. 

Understanding Pronouns

1. Subject pronouns: he, she,  it, they 
2. Object pronouns: him her, it, them
3. Each pronoun refers to noun or noun phrase.
4. Use pronouns to avoid repeating a noun. 

Finding Main Idea

Reading Strategy 

Introduction part that may include the main idea of the reading.  It may appear in introduction part and conclusion part.  It covers small small and more specific idea of reading. 

There will be  two or more sub-topics, so you know what to expect as you read. 

The sub-topics are given in the same order in which you will find them in the reading. 

Picture and Caption

• Sometimes the caption explains a word.
• They can help you to understand new words. 
• Photos and captions can provide a picture dictionary.

Guessing the Meaning from Context

                      Guess the meaning from context

1. that is 
2. i.e.
3. in other words      

A. Sometimes we have to guess the meaning from new word if its opposite in the context.

1. There is often a definition after these words. 
2. i.e. stands for that is.
3. These expressions are followed by a comma. 

Cause and Effect

Critical Thinking Strategy

We have to find out causes(reasons ) or effects (results)

Find the cause and effect conjunctions 

1. as because 
2. so 
3. for 
4. since 
5. as 
6. therefore
7. thus 
8. as a result
9. consequently                               

• sometimes we can't get cause and effect conjunction. we have to infer and use own logic. 
•  guess - cause and effect.      
• frequently there is no conjunction used.                       

Twenty Minutes a Day By Richard Peck

Twenty Minutes a Day
By Richard Peck 

• Read to your children
• Twenty minutes a day,
• you have the time,
• And so do they. 
• Read while the laundry is in the machine,
• Read while the dinner cooks,
• Tuck a child in the crook of your arm,
• And reach for the library books. 
• Hide the remote,
• Let the computer games cool,
• For one day your children will be off to school,
• Remedial? Gifted? You have the choice,
• Let them hear their first tales.
• In the sound of your voice. 
• Read in the morning,
• Read over noon,
• Read by the light of Goodnight Moon.
• Turn the pages together,
• sitting close as you'll fit,
• Till a small voice beside you says,
• Hey don't quit.                                                                                                                                 Copyright @Penguin Putnam Books for Young Readers