Appositive

A appositive is a noun, noun phrase, or a noun clause that comes after the another noun  to describe another way.
For example
John, my best friend, talked about his study.
Our English teacher, Kerry, will not come tomorrow.  OR
Kerry, our English teacher, will not come tomorrow.


Appositive Adjectives : An appositive adjective immediately comes after noun and noun phrase to clarify it or adding more information.
For example
Sapana, helpful girl, got scholarship in Chicago University.
Sapana, who is working in State Farm Insurance Company, got scholarship in Chicago University.

Punctuation

1. The period 
2. The question mark
3. The exclamation mark
4. The comma 
5. The semicolon
6. The colon 
7. Parentheses 
8. The dash 
9. Quotation Marks
10. The hyphen    

• Use hyphen between fraction : two-third
• Use hyphen between number from twenty-one through twenty-nine 
• Use hyphen after ex-,self-, pre-, post-, all- : ex-wife, pre-paid, post-paid. all-rounded, self-reliance. 
• Use hyphen to link compound nouns: father-in-law, 

1. The apostrophe

Indefinite Pronoun

Indefinite Pronoun

Both	+	Always Plural
Many
Few
Others
Several

For Example:

Both of them are perfect for me,

Several people got their citizens. 

Pronouns

anybody anyone  anything another no one nobody  nothing somebody  someone  something  everybody  everyone  everything many a

+

always singular

For example:

Everyone is ready to watch movie. 

nothing was there. 

Too and Enough in Grammar

We use too and enough to indicate the degree. 

Too indicate the more than sufficient.

Too + adjective /adverb+ infinitive

We use Too to describe bad or negative things. 

Too much + uncountable noun (sugar, liquid, unseen noun, idea)

Too many + countable noun

 Note: A lot of can use both countable and uncountable noun.

Enough is the opposite of too.

Pattern 1

adjective/adverb + enough + infinitive

My brother old enough to get license.

He is good enough to marry. 

She speak loudly enough to get attention. 

In Negative form

not + adjective/adverb + enough 

I know we are not old enough to get pass.

Pattern 2

enough + noun + infinitive

 I have enough money to buy car.

I have enough documents to get scholarship.

In Negative form 

not + enough + noun

We don't have enough student to go field trip. 

Split Infinitive

Split infinitive are not grammatically incorrect but we need to avoid in formal writing and speaking.

Infinitive:

• to swim
• to run 
• to cook

Example:

I have to quickly cook, I will be late.(Not this)

I have to cook quickly, I will be late (But this)

I want to well do my homework.(Not this)
I want to do my homework well.(But this)

Not This, But This

Not This : She convinced me to stay here.
But This : She persuaded me to stay here.


Not This : In the beginning , she does not know who done it.
But This : In the beginning , she does not know who did it.

Not This : Enjoy
But This : Enjoy your work.

Not This : Unless and until you return my money.
But This : Unless(or until) you return my money.

Not This : A fun trip.
But This : An enjoyable trip.

Key words to understand the instructions and directions.

We can use following steps to explain directions and instructions: 

1. First 
2. Next 
3. Then 
4. After 
5. Now 
6. Soon 
7. Last 

The Five Paragraph Eassay

How to organize five-paragraphs essay.

Introduction

• Hook (A hook include the interesting sentence that helps attract reader attention. It is also called interesting opener)
• Background information (Background information follow the hook and gives more information about topic. )
• Thesis statement ( Thesis statement usually comes at the end of the introduction. It tells about what the essay is about and has a controlling idea. In five-paragraph essay usually it has three controlling ideas which will be discuss in three body paragraphs separately)

Body Paragraph ( It includes topic sentence, supporting details, and concluding sentences.)

• Topic sentence (what the entire paragraph is about) with controlling idea that is in thesis statement. 
•  It has supporting details  which can be description, anecdotes, examples, statistics, quotations, definitions
• concluding sentence. 

Conclusion

• Conclusion would not lengthy as much as body paragraph but, would be three to five sentences.
• restate the thesis statement
• advise 
• make a prediction or ask a questions
• insights (discovering ideas through writing the essay)

Phrasal Verb

•  to carried on = to continue 
• to come across= to meet someone or find something by chance 
• to get over = to forget about = I will get over her.
• to look after = to take care of = If I were you, I would look after myself

• to get back together= to become a couple again= reconcile
• to get on with= to have smooth relations with the person
• to look froward to = to think of future event with pleasure= I am looking forward to see next class on Friday. 

Onomatopoeic Words

Onomatopoeia = on-o-mat-o-poe-ia = noun

Onomatopoeia means the use of words that sound like the thing that they are describing, such as "boom" or  "murmur" or "meow"

• sizzle = make a hissing sound like something cooking in fat
• trickle = flow slowly in a thin stream or in drops.
• clash = make a loud and confused noise as when metal objects strike together.
• clip-clop=  horses go clip-clop on the road.
• smash = break violently into small pieces.
• flutter= birds and insects flutter its wings. Its wings move quickly and lightly up and down. example flag flutters in the wind. sometimes your heart flutter when you excited.
• giggle = laugh lightly
• crackle= sharp sound 
• wriggle = to twist from side to side with small quick movements or to move part of your body.                (wring out= tightly twist wet clothes remove water from clothes or paper)
• growl = 1.deep angry sounds , most of the animals growl.                                                                           2. to say something in a low angry voice. she growled "stop there!"  
• drizzle = light raining     
• squirt = If you squirt liquid , it goes very forcefully out of a narrow hole in a thin stream.           
• buzz =